Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.
Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.
Fourth Later
The plantar and dorsal interossei comprise the fourth and final plantar muscle layer. The plantar interossei have a unipennate shape, while the dorsal interossei are bipennate.
Plantar Interossei
There are three plantar interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from a single metatarsal.
Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.
Fourth Later
The plantar and dorsal interossei comprise the fourth and final plantar muscle layer. The plantar interossei have a unipennate shape, while the dorsal interossei are bipennate.
Plantar Interossei
There are three plantar interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from a single metatarsal.
Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
The flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot, underneath the metatarsal of the little toe. It resembles the interossei in structure.
Fourth Later
The plantar and dorsal interossei comprise the fourth and final plantar muscle layer. The plantar interossei have a unipennate shape, while the dorsal interossei are bipennate.
Plantar Interossei
There are three plantar interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from a single metatarsal.
Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
The flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot, underneath the metatarsal of the little toe. It resembles the interossei in structure.
Fourth Later
The plantar and dorsal interossei comprise the fourth and final plantar muscle layer. The plantar interossei have a unipennate shape, while the dorsal interossei are bipennate.
Plantar Interossei
There are three plantar interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from a single metatarsal.
Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.
Adductor Hallucis
The adductor hallucis muscle is located laterally to the flexor hallucis brevis. It consists of an oblique and transverse head.
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
The flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot, underneath the metatarsal of the little toe. It resembles the interossei in structure.
Fourth Later
The plantar and dorsal interossei comprise the fourth and final plantar muscle layer. The plantar interossei have a unipennate shape, while the dorsal interossei are bipennate.
Plantar Interossei
There are three plantar interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from a single metatarsal.
Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.
Adductor Hallucis
The adductor hallucis muscle is located laterally to the flexor hallucis brevis. It consists of an oblique and transverse head.
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
The flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot, underneath the metatarsal of the little toe. It resembles the interossei in structure.
Fourth Later
The plantar and dorsal interossei comprise the fourth and final plantar muscle layer. The plantar interossei have a unipennate shape, while the dorsal interossei are bipennate.
Plantar Interossei
There are three plantar interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from a single metatarsal.
Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.
Third Layer
The third layer contains three muscles. The flexor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis are associated with movements of the great toe. The remaining muscle, the flexor digiti minimi brevis, moves the little toe.
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
The flexor hallucis brevis muscle is located on the medial side of the foot. It has two heads of origin.
Adductor Hallucis
The adductor hallucis muscle is located laterally to the flexor hallucis brevis. It consists of an oblique and transverse head.
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
The flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot, underneath the metatarsal of the little toe. It resembles the interossei in structure.
Fourth Later
The plantar and dorsal interossei comprise the fourth and final plantar muscle layer. The plantar interossei have a unipennate shape, while the dorsal interossei are bipennate.
Plantar Interossei
There are three plantar interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from a single metatarsal.
Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.
Third Layer
The third layer contains three muscles. The flexor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis are associated with movements of the great toe. The remaining muscle, the flexor digiti minimi brevis, moves the little toe.
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
The flexor hallucis brevis muscle is located on the medial side of the foot. It has two heads of origin.
Adductor Hallucis
The adductor hallucis muscle is located laterally to the flexor hallucis brevis. It consists of an oblique and transverse head.
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
The flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot, underneath the metatarsal of the little toe. It resembles the interossei in structure.
Fourth Later
The plantar and dorsal interossei comprise the fourth and final plantar muscle layer. The plantar interossei have a unipennate shape, while the dorsal interossei are bipennate.
Plantar Interossei
There are three plantar interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from a single metatarsal.
Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.
Third Layer
The third layer contains three muscles. The flexor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis are associated with movements of the great toe. The remaining muscle, the flexor digiti minimi brevis, moves the little toe.
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
The flexor hallucis brevis muscle is located on the medial side of the foot. It has two heads of origin.
Adductor Hallucis
The adductor hallucis muscle is located laterally to the flexor hallucis brevis. It consists of an oblique and transverse head.
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
The flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot, underneath the metatarsal of the little toe. It resembles the interossei in structure.
Fourth Later
The plantar and dorsal interossei comprise the fourth and final plantar muscle layer. The plantar interossei have a unipennate shape, while the dorsal interossei are bipennate.
Plantar Interossei
There are three plantar interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from a single metatarsal.
Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.
Lumbricals
There are four lumbrical muscles in the foot. They are each located medial to their respective tendon of the flexor digitorum longus.
Third Layer
The third layer contains three muscles. The flexor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis are associated with movements of the great toe. The remaining muscle, the flexor digiti minimi brevis, moves the little toe.
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
The flexor hallucis brevis muscle is located on the medial side of the foot. It has two heads of origin.
Adductor Hallucis
The adductor hallucis muscle is located laterally to the flexor hallucis brevis. It consists of an oblique and transverse head.
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
The flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot, underneath the metatarsal of the little toe. It resembles the interossei in structure.
Fourth Later
The plantar and dorsal interossei comprise the fourth and final plantar muscle layer. The plantar interossei have a unipennate shape, while the dorsal interossei are bipennate.
Plantar Interossei
There are three plantar interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from a single metatarsal.
Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.
Lumbricals
There are four lumbrical muscles in the foot. They are each located medial to their respective tendon of the flexor digitorum longus.
Third Layer
The third layer contains three muscles. The flexor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis are associated with movements of the great toe. The remaining muscle, the flexor digiti minimi brevis, moves the little toe.
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
The flexor hallucis brevis muscle is located on the medial side of the foot. It has two heads of origin.
Adductor Hallucis
The adductor hallucis muscle is located laterally to the flexor hallucis brevis. It consists of an oblique and transverse head.
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
The flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot, underneath the metatarsal of the little toe. It resembles the interossei in structure.
Fourth Later
The plantar and dorsal interossei comprise the fourth and final plantar muscle layer. The plantar interossei have a unipennate shape, while the dorsal interossei are bipennate.
Plantar Interossei
There are three plantar interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from a single metatarsal.
Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.
Lumbricals
There are four lumbrical muscles in the foot. They are each located medial to their respective tendon of the flexor digitorum longus.
Third Layer
The third layer contains three muscles. The flexor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis are associated with movements of the great toe. The remaining muscle, the flexor digiti minimi brevis, moves the little toe.
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
The flexor hallucis brevis muscle is located on the medial side of the foot. It has two heads of origin.
Adductor Hallucis
The adductor hallucis muscle is located laterally to the flexor hallucis brevis. It consists of an oblique and transverse head.
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
The flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot, underneath the metatarsal of the little toe. It resembles the interossei in structure.
Fourth Later
The plantar and dorsal interossei comprise the fourth and final plantar muscle layer. The plantar interossei have a unipennate shape, while the dorsal interossei are bipennate.
Plantar Interossei
There are three plantar interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from a single metatarsal.
Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.
Lumbricals
There are four lumbrical muscles in the foot. They are each located medial to their respective tendon of the flexor digitorum longus.
Third Layer
The third layer contains three muscles. The flexor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis are associated with movements of the great toe. The remaining muscle, the flexor digiti minimi brevis, moves the little toe.
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
The flexor hallucis brevis muscle is located on the medial side of the foot. It has two heads of origin.
Adductor Hallucis
The adductor hallucis muscle is located laterally to the flexor hallucis brevis. It consists of an oblique and transverse head.
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
The flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot, underneath the metatarsal of the little toe. It resembles the interossei in structure.
Fourth Later
The plantar and dorsal interossei comprise the fourth and final plantar muscle layer. The plantar interossei have a unipennate shape, while the dorsal interossei are bipennate.
Plantar Interossei
There are three plantar interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from a single metatarsal.
Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.
Lumbricals
There are four lumbrical muscles in the foot. They are each located medial to their respective tendon of the flexor digitorum longus.
Third Layer
The third layer contains three muscles. The flexor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis are associated with movements of the great toe. The remaining muscle, the flexor digiti minimi brevis, moves the little toe.
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
The flexor hallucis brevis muscle is located on the medial side of the foot. It has two heads of origin.
Adductor Hallucis
The adductor hallucis muscle is located laterally to the flexor hallucis brevis. It consists of an oblique and transverse head.
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
The flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot, underneath the metatarsal of the little toe. It resembles the interossei in structure.
Fourth Later
The plantar and dorsal interossei comprise the fourth and final plantar muscle layer. The plantar interossei have a unipennate shape, while the dorsal interossei are bipennate.
Plantar Interossei
There are three plantar interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from a single metatarsal.
Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.
Lumbricals
There are four lumbrical muscles in the foot. They are each located medial to their respective tendon of the flexor digitorum longus.
Third Layer
The third layer contains three muscles. The flexor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis are associated with movements of the great toe. The remaining muscle, the flexor digiti minimi brevis, moves the little toe.
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
The flexor hallucis brevis muscle is located on the medial side of the foot. It has two heads of origin.
Adductor Hallucis
The adductor hallucis muscle is located laterally to the flexor hallucis brevis. It consists of an oblique and transverse head.
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
The flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot, underneath the metatarsal of the little toe. It resembles the interossei in structure.
Fourth Later
The plantar and dorsal interossei comprise the fourth and final plantar muscle layer. The plantar interossei have a unipennate shape, while the dorsal interossei are bipennate.
Plantar Interossei
There are three plantar interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from a single metatarsal.
Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.
Lumbricals
There are four lumbrical muscles in the foot. They are each located medial to their respective tendon of the flexor digitorum longus.
Third Layer
The third layer contains three muscles. The flexor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis are associated with movements of the great toe. The remaining muscle, the flexor digiti minimi brevis, moves the little toe.
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
The flexor hallucis brevis muscle is located on the medial side of the foot. It has two heads of origin.
Adductor Hallucis
The adductor hallucis muscle is located laterally to the flexor hallucis brevis. It consists of an oblique and transverse head.
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
The flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot, underneath the metatarsal of the little toe. It resembles the interossei in structure.
Fourth Later
The plantar and dorsal interossei comprise the fourth and final plantar muscle layer. The plantar interossei have a unipennate shape, while the dorsal interossei are bipennate.
Plantar Interossei
There are three plantar interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from a single metatarsal.
Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.
Second Layer
The second plantar layer contains two muscles – the quadratus plantae and the lumbricals. The tendons of the flexor digitorum longus (an extrinsic muscle) also travel through this layer.
Quadratus Plantae
The quadratus plantae is a flat, square-shaped muscle with two heads of origin.
Lumbricals
There are four lumbrical muscles in the foot. They are each located medial to their respective tendon of the flexor digitorum longus.
Third Layer
The third layer contains three muscles. The flexor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis are associated with movements of the great toe. The remaining muscle, the flexor digiti minimi brevis, moves the little toe.
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
The flexor hallucis brevis muscle is located on the medial side of the foot. It has two heads of origin.
Adductor Hallucis
The adductor hallucis muscle is located laterally to the flexor hallucis brevis. It consists of an oblique and transverse head.
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
The flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot, underneath the metatarsal of the little toe. It resembles the interossei in structure.
Fourth Later
The plantar and dorsal interossei comprise the fourth and final plantar muscle layer. The plantar interossei have a unipennate shape, while the dorsal interossei are bipennate.
Plantar Interossei
There are three plantar interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from a single metatarsal.
Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.
Second Layer
The second plantar layer contains two muscles – the quadratus plantae and the lumbricals. The tendons of the flexor digitorum longus (an extrinsic muscle) also travel through this layer.
Quadratus Plantae
The quadratus plantae is a flat, square-shaped muscle with two heads of origin.
Lumbricals
There are four lumbrical muscles in the foot. They are each located medial to their respective tendon of the flexor digitorum longus.
Third Layer
The third layer contains three muscles. The flexor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis are associated with movements of the great toe. The remaining muscle, the flexor digiti minimi brevis, moves the little toe.
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
The flexor hallucis brevis muscle is located on the medial side of the foot. It has two heads of origin.
Adductor Hallucis
The adductor hallucis muscle is located laterally to the flexor hallucis brevis. It consists of an oblique and transverse head.
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
The flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot, underneath the metatarsal of the little toe. It resembles the interossei in structure.
Fourth Later
The plantar and dorsal interossei comprise the fourth and final plantar muscle layer. The plantar interossei have a unipennate shape, while the dorsal interossei are bipennate.
Plantar Interossei
There are three plantar interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from a single metatarsal.
Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.
Second Layer
The second plantar layer contains two muscles – the quadratus plantae and the lumbricals. The tendons of the flexor digitorum longus (an extrinsic muscle) also travel through this layer.
Quadratus Plantae
The quadratus plantae is a flat, square-shaped muscle with two heads of origin.
Lumbricals
There are four lumbrical muscles in the foot. They are each located medial to their respective tendon of the flexor digitorum longus.
Third Layer
The third layer contains three muscles. The flexor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis are associated with movements of the great toe. The remaining muscle, the flexor digiti minimi brevis, moves the little toe.
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
The flexor hallucis brevis muscle is located on the medial side of the foot. It has two heads of origin.
Adductor Hallucis
The adductor hallucis muscle is located laterally to the flexor hallucis brevis. It consists of an oblique and transverse head.
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
The flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot, underneath the metatarsal of the little toe. It resembles the interossei in structure.
Fourth Later
The plantar and dorsal interossei comprise the fourth and final plantar muscle layer. The plantar interossei have a unipennate shape, while the dorsal interossei are bipennate.
Plantar Interossei
There are three plantar interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from a single metatarsal.
Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.
Second Layer
The second plantar layer contains two muscles – the quadratus plantae and the lumbricals. The tendons of the flexor digitorum longus (an extrinsic muscle) also travel through this layer.
Quadratus Plantae
The quadratus plantae is a flat, square-shaped muscle with two heads of origin.
Lumbricals
There are four lumbrical muscles in the foot. They are each located medial to their respective tendon of the flexor digitorum longus.
Third Layer
The third layer contains three muscles. The flexor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis are associated with movements of the great toe. The remaining muscle, the flexor digiti minimi brevis, moves the little toe.
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
The flexor hallucis brevis muscle is located on the medial side of the foot. It has two heads of origin.
Adductor Hallucis
The adductor hallucis muscle is located laterally to the flexor hallucis brevis. It consists of an oblique and transverse head.
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
The flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot, underneath the metatarsal of the little toe. It resembles the interossei in structure.
Fourth Later
The plantar and dorsal interossei comprise the fourth and final plantar muscle layer. The plantar interossei have a unipennate shape, while the dorsal interossei are bipennate.
Plantar Interossei
There are three plantar interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from a single metatarsal.
Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.
Abductor Digiti Minimi
The abductor digiti minimi muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot. It is homologous with the abductor digiti minimi of the hand.
Second Layer
The second plantar layer contains two muscles – the quadratus plantae and the lumbricals. The tendons of the flexor digitorum longus (an extrinsic muscle) also travel through this layer.
Quadratus Plantae
The quadratus plantae is a flat, square-shaped muscle with two heads of origin.
Lumbricals
There are four lumbrical muscles in the foot. They are each located medial to their respective tendon of the flexor digitorum longus.
Third Layer
The third layer contains three muscles. The flexor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis are associated with movements of the great toe. The remaining muscle, the flexor digiti minimi brevis, moves the little toe.
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
The flexor hallucis brevis muscle is located on the medial side of the foot. It has two heads of origin.
Adductor Hallucis
The adductor hallucis muscle is located laterally to the flexor hallucis brevis. It consists of an oblique and transverse head.
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
The flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot, underneath the metatarsal of the little toe. It resembles the interossei in structure.
Fourth Later
The plantar and dorsal interossei comprise the fourth and final plantar muscle layer. The plantar interossei have a unipennate shape, while the dorsal interossei are bipennate.
Plantar Interossei
There are three plantar interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from a single metatarsal.
Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.
Abductor Digiti Minimi
The abductor digiti minimi muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot. It is homologous with the abductor digiti minimi of the hand.
Second Layer
The second plantar layer contains two muscles – the quadratus plantae and the lumbricals. The tendons of the flexor digitorum longus (an extrinsic muscle) also travel through this layer.
Quadratus Plantae
The quadratus plantae is a flat, square-shaped muscle with two heads of origin.
Lumbricals
There are four lumbrical muscles in the foot. They are each located medial to their respective tendon of the flexor digitorum longus.
Third Layer
The third layer contains three muscles. The flexor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis are associated with movements of the great toe. The remaining muscle, the flexor digiti minimi brevis, moves the little toe.
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
The flexor hallucis brevis muscle is located on the medial side of the foot. It has two heads of origin.
Adductor Hallucis
The adductor hallucis muscle is located laterally to the flexor hallucis brevis. It consists of an oblique and transverse head.
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
The flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot, underneath the metatarsal of the little toe. It resembles the interossei in structure.
Fourth Later
The plantar and dorsal interossei comprise the fourth and final plantar muscle layer. The plantar interossei have a unipennate shape, while the dorsal interossei are bipennate.
Plantar Interossei
There are three plantar interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from a single metatarsal.
Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
The flexor digitorum brevis muscle is located laterally to the abductor hallucis. It sits in the centre of the sole, sandwiched between the plantar aponeurosis and the tendons of flexor digitorum longus.
Abductor Digiti Minimi
The abductor digiti minimi muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot. It is homologous with the abductor digiti minimi of the hand.
Second Layer
The second plantar layer contains two muscles – the quadratus plantae and the lumbricals. The tendons of the flexor digitorum longus (an extrinsic muscle) also travel through this layer.
Quadratus Plantae
The quadratus plantae is a flat, square-shaped muscle with two heads of origin.
Lumbricals
There are four lumbrical muscles in the foot. They are each located medial to their respective tendon of the flexor digitorum longus.
Third Layer
The third layer contains three muscles. The flexor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis are associated with movements of the great toe. The remaining muscle, the flexor digiti minimi brevis, moves the little toe.
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
The flexor hallucis brevis muscle is located on the medial side of the foot. It has two heads of origin.
Adductor Hallucis
The adductor hallucis muscle is located laterally to the flexor hallucis brevis. It consists of an oblique and transverse head.
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
The flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot, underneath the metatarsal of the little toe. It resembles the interossei in structure.
Fourth Later
The plantar and dorsal interossei comprise the fourth and final plantar muscle layer. The plantar interossei have a unipennate shape, while the dorsal interossei are bipennate.
Plantar Interossei
There are three plantar interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from a single metatarsal.
Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
The flexor digitorum brevis muscle is located laterally to the abductor hallucis. It sits in the centre of the sole, sandwiched between the plantar aponeurosis and the tendons of flexor digitorum longus.
Abductor Digiti Minimi
The abductor digiti minimi muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot. It is homologous with the abductor digiti minimi of the hand.
Second Layer
The second plantar layer contains two muscles – the quadratus plantae and the lumbricals. The tendons of the flexor digitorum longus (an extrinsic muscle) also travel through this layer.
Quadratus Plantae
The quadratus plantae is a flat, square-shaped muscle with two heads of origin.
Lumbricals
There are four lumbrical muscles in the foot. They are each located medial to their respective tendon of the flexor digitorum longus.
Third Layer
The third layer contains three muscles. The flexor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis are associated with movements of the great toe. The remaining muscle, the flexor digiti minimi brevis, moves the little toe.
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
The flexor hallucis brevis muscle is located on the medial side of the foot. It has two heads of origin.
Adductor Hallucis
The adductor hallucis muscle is located laterally to the flexor hallucis brevis. It consists of an oblique and transverse head.
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
The flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot, underneath the metatarsal of the little toe. It resembles the interossei in structure.
Fourth Later
The plantar and dorsal interossei comprise the fourth and final plantar muscle layer. The plantar interossei have a unipennate shape, while the dorsal interossei are bipennate.
Plantar Interossei
There are three plantar interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from a single metatarsal.
Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.
First Layer
The first layer contains three muscles. It is the most superficial and is located immediately underneath the plantar fascia.
Abductor Hallucis
The abductor hallucis muscle is located on the medial side of the sole, where it contributes to a small soft tissue bulge.
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
The flexor digitorum brevis muscle is located laterally to the abductor hallucis. It sits in the centre of the sole, sandwiched between the plantar aponeurosis and the tendons of flexor digitorum longus.
Abductor Digiti Minimi
The abductor digiti minimi muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot. It is homologous with the abductor digiti minimi of the hand.
Second Layer
The second plantar layer contains two muscles – the quadratus plantae and the lumbricals. The tendons of the flexor digitorum longus (an extrinsic muscle) also travel through this layer.
Quadratus Plantae
The quadratus plantae is a flat, square-shaped muscle with two heads of origin.
Lumbricals
There are four lumbrical muscles in the foot. They are each located medial to their respective tendon of the flexor digitorum longus.
Third Layer
The third layer contains three muscles. The flexor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis are associated with movements of the great toe. The remaining muscle, the flexor digiti minimi brevis, moves the little toe.
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
The flexor hallucis brevis muscle is located on the medial side of the foot. It has two heads of origin.
Adductor Hallucis
The adductor hallucis muscle is located laterally to the flexor hallucis brevis. It consists of an oblique and transverse head.
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
The flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot, underneath the metatarsal of the little toe. It resembles the interossei in structure.
Fourth Later
The plantar and dorsal interossei comprise the fourth and final plantar muscle layer. The plantar interossei have a unipennate shape, while the dorsal interossei are bipennate.
Plantar Interossei
There are three plantar interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from a single metatarsal.
Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.
There are ten intrinsic muscles located in the plantar aspect (sole) of the foot.
They act collectively to stabilise the arches of the foot and individually to control movement of the digits. They are innervated by the medial or lateral plantar nerves – which are branches of the tibial nerve.
The muscles of the plantar aspect are arranged in four layers (superficial to deep):
First Layer
The first layer contains three muscles. It is the most superficial and is located immediately underneath the plantar fascia.
Abductor Hallucis
The abductor hallucis muscle is located on the medial side of the sole, where it contributes to a small soft tissue bulge.
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
The flexor digitorum brevis muscle is located laterally to the abductor hallucis. It sits in the centre of the sole, sandwiched between the plantar aponeurosis and the tendons of flexor digitorum longus.
Abductor Digiti Minimi
The abductor digiti minimi muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot. It is homologous with the abductor digiti minimi of the hand.
Second Layer
The second plantar layer contains two muscles – the quadratus plantae and the lumbricals. The tendons of the flexor digitorum longus (an extrinsic muscle) also travel through this layer.
Quadratus Plantae
The quadratus plantae is a flat, square-shaped muscle with two heads of origin.
Lumbricals
There are four lumbrical muscles in the foot. They are each located medial to their respective tendon of the flexor digitorum longus.
Third Layer
The third layer contains three muscles. The flexor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis are associated with movements of the great toe. The remaining muscle, the flexor digiti minimi brevis, moves the little toe.
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
The flexor hallucis brevis muscle is located on the medial side of the foot. It has two heads of origin.
Adductor Hallucis
The adductor hallucis muscle is located laterally to the flexor hallucis brevis. It consists of an oblique and transverse head.
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
The flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot, underneath the metatarsal of the little toe. It resembles the interossei in structure.
Fourth Later
The plantar and dorsal interossei comprise the fourth and final plantar muscle layer. The plantar interossei have a unipennate shape, while the dorsal interossei are bipennate.
Plantar Interossei
There are three plantar interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from a single metatarsal.
Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.
There are ten intrinsic muscles located in the plantar aspect (sole) of the foot.
They act collectively to stabilise the arches of the foot and individually to control movement of the digits. They are innervated by the medial or lateral plantar nerves – which are branches of the tibial nerve.
The muscles of the plantar aspect are arranged in four layers (superficial to deep):
First Layer
The first layer contains three muscles. It is the most superficial and is located immediately underneath the plantar fascia.
Abductor Hallucis
The abductor hallucis muscle is located on the medial side of the sole, where it contributes to a small soft tissue bulge.
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
The flexor digitorum brevis muscle is located laterally to the abductor hallucis. It sits in the centre of the sole, sandwiched between the plantar aponeurosis and the tendons of flexor digitorum longus.
Abductor Digiti Minimi
The abductor digiti minimi muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot. It is homologous with the abductor digiti minimi of the hand.
Second Layer
The second plantar layer contains two muscles – the quadratus plantae and the lumbricals. The tendons of the flexor digitorum longus (an extrinsic muscle) also travel through this layer.
Quadratus Plantae
The quadratus plantae is a flat, square-shaped muscle with two heads of origin.
Lumbricals
There are four lumbrical muscles in the foot. They are each located medial to their respective tendon of the flexor digitorum longus.
Third Layer
The third layer contains three muscles. The flexor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis are associated with movements of the great toe. The remaining muscle, the flexor digiti minimi brevis, moves the little toe.
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
The flexor hallucis brevis muscle is located on the medial side of the foot. It has two heads of origin.
Adductor Hallucis
The adductor hallucis muscle is located laterally to the flexor hallucis brevis. It consists of an oblique and transverse head.
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
The flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot, underneath the metatarsal of the little toe. It resembles the interossei in structure.
Fourth Later
The plantar and dorsal interossei comprise the fourth and final plantar muscle layer. The plantar interossei have a unipennate shape, while the dorsal interossei are bipennate.
Plantar Interossei
There are three plantar interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from a single metatarsal.
Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.
Extensor Hallucis Brevis
The extensor hallucis brevis is often considered to be the medial part of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle, rather than a separate structure.
There are ten intrinsic muscles located in the plantar aspect (sole) of the foot.
They act collectively to stabilise the arches of the foot and individually to control movement of the digits. They are innervated by the medial or lateral plantar nerves – which are branches of the tibial nerve.
The muscles of the plantar aspect are arranged in four layers (superficial to deep):
First Layer
The first layer contains three muscles. It is the most superficial and is located immediately underneath the plantar fascia.
Abductor Hallucis
The abductor hallucis muscle is located on the medial side of the sole, where it contributes to a small soft tissue bulge.
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
The flexor digitorum brevis muscle is located laterally to the abductor hallucis. It sits in the centre of the sole, sandwiched between the plantar aponeurosis and the tendons of flexor digitorum longus.
Abductor Digiti Minimi
The abductor digiti minimi muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot. It is homologous with the abductor digiti minimi of the hand.
Second Layer
The second plantar layer contains two muscles – the quadratus plantae and the lumbricals. The tendons of the flexor digitorum longus (an extrinsic muscle) also travel through this layer.
Quadratus Plantae
The quadratus plantae is a flat, square-shaped muscle with two heads of origin.
Lumbricals
There are four lumbrical muscles in the foot. They are each located medial to their respective tendon of the flexor digitorum longus.
Third Layer
The third layer contains three muscles. The flexor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis are associated with movements of the great toe. The remaining muscle, the flexor digiti minimi brevis, moves the little toe.
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
The flexor hallucis brevis muscle is located on the medial side of the foot. It has two heads of origin.
Adductor Hallucis
The adductor hallucis muscle is located laterally to the flexor hallucis brevis. It consists of an oblique and transverse head.
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
The flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot, underneath the metatarsal of the little toe. It resembles the interossei in structure.
Fourth Later
The plantar and dorsal interossei comprise the fourth and final plantar muscle layer. The plantar interossei have a unipennate shape, while the dorsal interossei are bipennate.
Plantar Interossei
There are three plantar interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from a single metatarsal.
Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.
Extensor Hallucis Brevis
The extensor hallucis brevis is often considered to be the medial part of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle, rather than a separate structure.
There are ten intrinsic muscles located in the plantar aspect (sole) of the foot.
They act collectively to stabilise the arches of the foot and individually to control movement of the digits. They are innervated by the medial or lateral plantar nerves – which are branches of the tibial nerve.
The muscles of the plantar aspect are arranged in four layers (superficial to deep):
First Layer
The first layer contains three muscles. It is the most superficial and is located immediately underneath the plantar fascia.
Abductor Hallucis
The abductor hallucis muscle is located on the medial side of the sole, where it contributes to a small soft tissue bulge.
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
The flexor digitorum brevis muscle is located laterally to the abductor hallucis. It sits in the centre of the sole, sandwiched between the plantar aponeurosis and the tendons of flexor digitorum longus.
Abductor Digiti Minimi
The abductor digiti minimi muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot. It is homologous with the abductor digiti minimi of the hand.
Second Layer
The second plantar layer contains two muscles – the quadratus plantae and the lumbricals. The tendons of the flexor digitorum longus (an extrinsic muscle) also travel through this layer.
Quadratus Plantae
The quadratus plantae is a flat, square-shaped muscle with two heads of origin.
Lumbricals
There are four lumbrical muscles in the foot. They are each located medial to their respective tendon of the flexor digitorum longus.
Third Layer
The third layer contains three muscles. The flexor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis are associated with movements of the great toe. The remaining muscle, the flexor digiti minimi brevis, moves the little toe.
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
The flexor hallucis brevis muscle is located on the medial side of the foot. It has two heads of origin.
Adductor Hallucis
The adductor hallucis muscle is located laterally to the flexor hallucis brevis. It consists of an oblique and transverse head.
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
The flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot, underneath the metatarsal of the little toe. It resembles the interossei in structure.
Fourth Later
The plantar and dorsal interossei comprise the fourth and final plantar muscle layer. The plantar interossei have a unipennate shape, while the dorsal interossei are bipennate.
Plantar Interossei
There are three plantar interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from a single metatarsal.
Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.
There are two intrinsic muscles located within the dorsum of the foot – the extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis.
They assist the extrinsic muscles of the foot in extending the toes and are both innervated by the deep fibular nerve.
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
The extensor digitorum brevis is a small, thin muscle which lies underneath the long extensor tendons of the foot.
Extensor Hallucis Brevis
The extensor hallucis brevis is often considered to be the medial part of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle, rather than a separate structure.
There are ten intrinsic muscles located in the plantar aspect (sole) of the foot.
They act collectively to stabilise the arches of the foot and individually to control movement of the digits. They are innervated by the medial or lateral plantar nerves – which are branches of the tibial nerve.
The muscles of the plantar aspect are arranged in four layers (superficial to deep):
First Layer
The first layer contains three muscles. It is the most superficial and is located immediately underneath the plantar fascia.
Abductor Hallucis
The abductor hallucis muscle is located on the medial side of the sole, where it contributes to a small soft tissue bulge.
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
The flexor digitorum brevis muscle is located laterally to the abductor hallucis. It sits in the centre of the sole, sandwiched between the plantar aponeurosis and the tendons of flexor digitorum longus.
Abductor Digiti Minimi
The abductor digiti minimi muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot. It is homologous with the abductor digiti minimi of the hand.
Second Layer
The second plantar layer contains two muscles – the quadratus plantae and the lumbricals. The tendons of the flexor digitorum longus (an extrinsic muscle) also travel through this layer.
Quadratus Plantae
The quadratus plantae is a flat, square-shaped muscle with two heads of origin.
Lumbricals
There are four lumbrical muscles in the foot. They are each located medial to their respective tendon of the flexor digitorum longus.
Third Layer
The third layer contains three muscles. The flexor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis are associated with movements of the great toe. The remaining muscle, the flexor digiti minimi brevis, moves the little toe.
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
The flexor hallucis brevis muscle is located on the medial side of the foot. It has two heads of origin.
Adductor Hallucis
The adductor hallucis muscle is located laterally to the flexor hallucis brevis. It consists of an oblique and transverse head.
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
The flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot, underneath the metatarsal of the little toe. It resembles the interossei in structure.
Fourth Later
The plantar and dorsal interossei comprise the fourth and final plantar muscle layer. The plantar interossei have a unipennate shape, while the dorsal interossei are bipennate.
Plantar Interossei
There are three plantar interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from a single metatarsal.
Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.
In this article, we shall examine the anatomy of the intrinsic muscles of the foot. They can be divided into those situated on the dorsum of the foot, and those in the sole of the foot.
There are two intrinsic muscles located within the dorsum of the foot – the extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis.
They assist the extrinsic muscles of the foot in extending the toes and are both innervated by the deep fibular nerve.
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
The extensor digitorum brevis is a small, thin muscle which lies underneath the long extensor tendons of the foot.
Extensor Hallucis Brevis
The extensor hallucis brevis is often considered to be the medial part of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle, rather than a separate structure.
There are ten intrinsic muscles located in the plantar aspect (sole) of the foot.
They act collectively to stabilise the arches of the foot and individually to control movement of the digits. They are innervated by the medial or lateral plantar nerves – which are branches of the tibial nerve.
The muscles of the plantar aspect are arranged in four layers (superficial to deep):
First Layer
The first layer contains three muscles. It is the most superficial and is located immediately underneath the plantar fascia.
Abductor Hallucis
The abductor hallucis muscle is located on the medial side of the sole, where it contributes to a small soft tissue bulge.
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
The flexor digitorum brevis muscle is located laterally to the abductor hallucis. It sits in the centre of the sole, sandwiched between the plantar aponeurosis and the tendons of flexor digitorum longus.
Abductor Digiti Minimi
The abductor digiti minimi muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot. It is homologous with the abductor digiti minimi of the hand.
Second Layer
The second plantar layer contains two muscles – the quadratus plantae and the lumbricals. The tendons of the flexor digitorum longus (an extrinsic muscle) also travel through this layer.
Quadratus Plantae
The quadratus plantae is a flat, square-shaped muscle with two heads of origin.
Lumbricals
There are four lumbrical muscles in the foot. They are each located medial to their respective tendon of the flexor digitorum longus.
Third Layer
The third layer contains three muscles. The flexor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis are associated with movements of the great toe. The remaining muscle, the flexor digiti minimi brevis, moves the little toe.
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
The flexor hallucis brevis muscle is located on the medial side of the foot. It has two heads of origin.
Adductor Hallucis
The adductor hallucis muscle is located laterally to the flexor hallucis brevis. It consists of an oblique and transverse head.
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
The flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot, underneath the metatarsal of the little toe. It resembles the interossei in structure.
Fourth Later
The plantar and dorsal interossei comprise the fourth and final plantar muscle layer. The plantar interossei have a unipennate shape, while the dorsal interossei are bipennate.
Plantar Interossei
There are three plantar interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from a single metatarsal.
Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.
In this article, we shall examine the anatomy of the intrinsic muscles of the foot. They can be divided into those situated on the dorsum of the foot, and those in the sole of the foot.
There are two intrinsic muscles located within the dorsum of the foot – the extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis.
They assist the extrinsic muscles of the foot in extending the toes and are both innervated by the deep fibular nerve.
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
The extensor digitorum brevis is a small, thin muscle which lies underneath the long extensor tendons of the foot.
Extensor Hallucis Brevis
The extensor hallucis brevis is often considered to be the medial part of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle, rather than a separate structure.
There are ten intrinsic muscles located in the plantar aspect (sole) of the foot.
They act collectively to stabilise the arches of the foot and individually to control movement of the digits. They are innervated by the medial or lateral plantar nerves – which are branches of the tibial nerve.
The muscles of the plantar aspect are arranged in four layers (superficial to deep):
First Layer
The first layer contains three muscles. It is the most superficial and is located immediately underneath the plantar fascia.
Abductor Hallucis
The abductor hallucis muscle is located on the medial side of the sole, where it contributes to a small soft tissue bulge.
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
The flexor digitorum brevis muscle is located laterally to the abductor hallucis. It sits in the centre of the sole, sandwiched between the plantar aponeurosis and the tendons of flexor digitorum longus.
Abductor Digiti Minimi
The abductor digiti minimi muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot. It is homologous with the abductor digiti minimi of the hand.
Second Layer
The second plantar layer contains two muscles – the quadratus plantae and the lumbricals. The tendons of the flexor digitorum longus (an extrinsic muscle) also travel through this layer.
Quadratus Plantae
The quadratus plantae is a flat, square-shaped muscle with two heads of origin.
Lumbricals
There are four lumbrical muscles in the foot. They are each located medial to their respective tendon of the flexor digitorum longus.
Third Layer
The third layer contains three muscles. The flexor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis are associated with movements of the great toe. The remaining muscle, the flexor digiti minimi brevis, moves the little toe.
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
The flexor hallucis brevis muscle is located on the medial side of the foot. It has two heads of origin.
Adductor Hallucis
The adductor hallucis muscle is located laterally to the flexor hallucis brevis. It consists of an oblique and transverse head.
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
The flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot, underneath the metatarsal of the little toe. It resembles the interossei in structure.
Fourth Later
The plantar and dorsal interossei comprise the fourth and final plantar muscle layer. The plantar interossei have a unipennate shape, while the dorsal interossei are bipennate.
Plantar Interossei
There are three plantar interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from a single metatarsal.
Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.
The muscles acting on the foot can be divided into two distinct groups; extrinsic and intrinsic muscles.
In this article, we shall examine the anatomy of the intrinsic muscles of the foot. They can be divided into those situated on the dorsum of the foot, and those in the sole of the foot.
There are two intrinsic muscles located within the dorsum of the foot – the extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis.
They assist the extrinsic muscles of the foot in extending the toes and are both innervated by the deep fibular nerve.
Extensor Digitorum Brevis
The extensor digitorum brevis is a small, thin muscle which lies underneath the long extensor tendons of the foot.
Extensor Hallucis Brevis
The extensor hallucis brevis is often considered to be the medial part of the extensor digitorum brevis muscle, rather than a separate structure.
There are ten intrinsic muscles located in the plantar aspect (sole) of the foot.
They act collectively to stabilise the arches of the foot and individually to control movement of the digits. They are innervated by the medial or lateral plantar nerves – which are branches of the tibial nerve.
The muscles of the plantar aspect are arranged in four layers (superficial to deep):
First Layer
The first layer contains three muscles. It is the most superficial and is located immediately underneath the plantar fascia.
Abductor Hallucis
The abductor hallucis muscle is located on the medial side of the sole, where it contributes to a small soft tissue bulge.
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
The flexor digitorum brevis muscle is located laterally to the abductor hallucis. It sits in the centre of the sole, sandwiched between the plantar aponeurosis and the tendons of flexor digitorum longus.
Abductor Digiti Minimi
The abductor digiti minimi muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot. It is homologous with the abductor digiti minimi of the hand.
Second Layer
The second plantar layer contains two muscles – the quadratus plantae and the lumbricals. The tendons of the flexor digitorum longus (an extrinsic muscle) also travel through this layer.
Quadratus Plantae
The quadratus plantae is a flat, square-shaped muscle with two heads of origin.
Lumbricals
There are four lumbrical muscles in the foot. They are each located medial to their respective tendon of the flexor digitorum longus.
Third Layer
The third layer contains three muscles. The flexor hallucis brevis and adductor hallucis are associated with movements of the great toe. The remaining muscle, the flexor digiti minimi brevis, moves the little toe.
Flexor Hallucis Brevis
The flexor hallucis brevis muscle is located on the medial side of the foot. It has two heads of origin.
Adductor Hallucis
The adductor hallucis muscle is located laterally to the flexor hallucis brevis. It consists of an oblique and transverse head.
Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
The flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle is located on the lateral side of the foot, underneath the metatarsal of the little toe. It resembles the interossei in structure.
Fourth Later
The plantar and dorsal interossei comprise the fourth and final plantar muscle layer. The plantar interossei have a unipennate shape, while the dorsal interossei are bipennate.
Plantar Interossei
There are three plantar interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from a single metatarsal.
Dorsal Interossei
There are four dorsal interossei, which are located between the metatarsals. Each arises from two metatarsals.